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Medicina (B.Aires) ; 79(6): 509-512, dic. 2019. ilus
Article in Spanish | LILACS | ID: biblio-1056761

ABSTRACT

La arteritis de células gigantes es una vasculitis sistémica que compromete arterias de mediano y gran calibre, principalmente la arteria aorta y sus ramas. Su prevalencia es mayor en mujeres a partir de los 50 años, típicamente se manifiesta con fiebre, claudicación mandibular, cefalea, hiperestesia del cuero cabelludo y pérdida de la visión con neuropatía óptica isquémica anterior, en una minoría de casos aparecen síntomas menos frecuentes que dificultan y retrasan el diagnóstico. Se presenta el caso de una mujer de 76 años que consultó por dolor en la cavidad bucal con edema lingual y en cuello de 48 horas de evolución asociado a cefalea el mes previo. En el examen físico presentaba signos clínicos de isquemia lingual, por lo que se consideró como diagnóstico presuntivo compromiso isquémico por arteritis de células gigantes, e inició tratamiento con corticoides sistémicos realizándose una biopsia de arteria temporal que evidenció infiltrado linfocitario panparietal con engrosamiento de la túnica íntima y hallazgos compatibles con panarteritis. La arteritis de células gigantes debe ser sospechada en pacientes con manifestaciones de isquemia lingual, iniciándose en forma precoz el tratamiento para evitar complicaciones irreversibles.


Giant cell arteritis is a systemic vasculitis that affects arteries of medium and large caliber, mainly the aorta artery and its main branches. It is more frequent in women older than 50 years. The most common symptoms are fever, jaw claudication, headache, hyperesthesia of the scalp and loss of vision with anterior ischemic optic nerve disease. But, in a minority of cases, less frequent symptoms are observed that delay and make more difficult the diagnosis. Here, we present the case of a 76-year-old woman who came to our consultation having pain in the oral cavity and presenting tongue and neck edema for 48 hours. She had also suffered from headaches during the previous month. Because the physical examination showed clinical signs of lingual ischemia, a presumptive diagnosis of ischemic involvement due to giant cell arteritis was considered. She started a treatment with systemic corticosteroids and a temporal artery biopsy was performed. We conclude, that giant cell arteritis should be suspected in patients presenting lingual ischemia symptoms in order to start the specific treatment early enough to avoid irreversible complications.


Subject(s)
Humans , Female , Aged , Giant Cell Arteritis/pathology , Tongue Diseases/pathology , Giant Cell Arteritis/diagnosis , Giant Cell Arteritis/drug therapy , Tongue Diseases/diagnosis , Tongue Diseases/drug therapy , Diagnosis, Differential , Glucocorticoids/therapeutic use , Necrosis
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